道德经老子
← 目录28

反朴

原文

知其雄,守其雌,为天下溪。为天下溪,常德不离,复归于婴儿。知其白,守其黑,为天下式。为天下式,常德不忒,复归于无极。知其荣,守其辱,为天下谷。为天下谷,常德乃足,复归于朴。朴散则为器,圣人用之,则为官长,故大制不割。


王弼注

知其雄,守其雌,为天下溪。为天下溪,常德不离,复归于婴儿。雄,先之属;雌,后之属也。知为天下之先也,必后也,是以圣人后其身而身先也。溪不求物而物自归之,婴儿不用智而合自然之智。知其白,守其黑,为天下式。式,模则也。为天下式,常德不忒,忒,差也。复归于无极。不可穷也。知其荣,守其辱,为天下谷,常德乃足,复归于朴。此三者,言常反终,后乃德全其所处也。下章云,反者道之动也。功不可取,常处其母也。朴散则为器,圣人用之,则为官长,朴,真也。真散则百行出,殊类生,若器也。圣人因其分散,故为之立官长。以善为师,不善为资,移风易俗,复使归于一也。故大制不割。大制者,以天下之心为心,故无割也。


英文 · James Legge

(Returning to simplicity) Who knows his manhood's strength, Yet still his female feebleness maintains; As to one channel flow the many drains, All come to him, yea, all beneath the sky. Thus he the constant excellence retains; The simple child again, free from all stains. Who knows how white attracts, Yet always keeps himself within black's shade, The pattern of humility displayed, Displayed in view of all beneath the sky; He in the unchanging excellence arrayed, Endless return to man's first state has made. Who knows how glory shines, Yet loves disgrace, nor ever for it is pale; Behold his presence in a spacious vale, To which men come from all beneath the sky. The unchanging excellence completes its tale; The simple infant man in him we hail. The unwrought material, when divided and distributed, forms vessels. The sage, when employed, becomes the Head of all the Officers (of government); and in his greatest regulations he employs no violent measures.